DarrinRoark520

Testosterone: What It Is, Function & Levels




Testosterone


Testosterone is a hormone produced primarily by the testes in males and to a lesser extent by the ovaries in females. It belongs to a class of hormones known as steroids, which play critical roles in maintaining bodily functions, reproduction, and overall health.



What is testosterone?


Testosterone is a steroid hormone that plays a vital role in regulating various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune function, and reproductive capabilities. It is particularly associated with male characteristics, but it also has important functions in females, contributing to aspects like bone density and energy levels.



Is testosterone a steroid?


Yes, testosterone is classified as a steroid hormone. Steroids are a group of lipid-soluble organic compounds produced by the body's endocrine system. Testosterone, along with estrogen, falls under this category and plays essential roles in both males and females.



What does testosterone do?

- Promoting the growth of muscles and bones.
- Regulating metabolism and energy levels.
- Facilitating reproductive functions, such as sperm production and sexual behavior.
- Maintaining immune function and red blood cell production.



Testosterone and fetal development


During fetal development, testosterone plays a crucial role in the growth spurts of the fetus. It contributes to the development of male genitalia and influences overall fetal health and survival.



Testosterone and puberty

<




Testosterone and adult males


In adult males, testosterone continues to support overall health, including libido, energy levels, and cognitive functions. High levels are typically associated with male-specific traits and behaviors.



Testosterone and adult females

<




How are testosterone levels controlled?


The production and regulation of testosterone are controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands through a negative feedback loop. The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones then stimulate the testes or ovaries to produce testosterone, which in turn feeds back to suppress the hypothalamus and pituitary glands.



What tests measure testosterone levels?


Testosterone levels can be measured through blood tests. These tests can be performed via serological methods, where antibodies specifically bind to testosterone molecules to determine their concentration in the blood.



What are normal testosterone levels by age?


Normal testosterone levels vary significantly across age groups:
- **Infants**: 0-7 ng/dL
- **Children (3-8 years)**: 10-50 ng/dL
- **Adolescents (9-17 years)**: 20-70 ng/dL for males; 5-30 ng/dL for females
- **Adults**:
- Males: 300-1000 ng/dL
- Females: 15-65 ng/dL



What causes high testosterone levels?


High testosterone levels in males, known as hyperandrogenism, can be caused by:
- Testosterone supplements or medications.
- Hormone imbalances due to tumors in the pituitary or adrenal glands.
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland).
- Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in females.



High levels of testosterone in females


High testosterone levels in females can be associated with conditions such as PCOS, which leads to hyperandrogenism. This can result in symptoms like acne, facial hair, and irregular menstrual cycles.



What happens when testosterone levels are too low?

- **Fetal development**: Low testosterone can cause growth retardation and developmental abnormalities.
- **Puberty**: Delayed puberty with inadequate growth and secondary sexual characteristics.
- **Adults**: Symptoms include fatigue, muscle weakness, low sex drive, and mood disorders.



Low testosterone in fetal development


Insufficient testosterone during fetal development can result in poor growth patterns and potential long-term health complications.



Low testosterone in puberty


Testosterone deficiency during puberty can disrupt normal growth and development, leading to delayed maturation and secondary sexual characteristics.



Low testosterone in adults


Adults with low testosterone may experience a range of symptoms, including decreased vitality, reduced libido, and increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases.



When should I see my doctor about my testosterone levels?


If you experience symptoms like fatigue, loss of libido, or signs of developmental delay, particularly during puberty, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. Regular check-ups can help monitor testosterone levels and ensure optimal health.



Care at Cleveland Clinic


The Cleveland Clinic offers comprehensive hormone testing and treatment options for individuals concerned about their testosterone levels. Their expert care providers can help diagnose and manage conditions related to hormonal imbalances.



References




Mayo Clinic – Hormone Testing and Interpretation


CDC – Health Information on Testosterone


National Institute on Aging – Hormone Functions



Sources: JBHNews .